Issues In Financial Reporting (Questions for the final exam) Essay

Issues In Financial Reporting (Questions for the final exam) - Essay Example There are few assumptions of a financial statement. Such as, a business entity is assumed to carry on its operation forever which refers to a going concern concept. Financial statements should be prepared periodically, basically after a specified interval which is termed as ‘accounting period’. All the transaction recorded in a statement should be at cost, not market price. As per the money measurement concept, the information recorded in the statement should be in monetary terms. The business entity concept says that the legal entity of a corporate business should be different from the owners. The method or the practice that has been adopted by a company initially for presenting an event should be followed life long in order to maintain the consistency. Preparation of financial statements is subject to quite a few regulations. For the purpose, Accounting Standards should be followed. Accounting Standards are issued by Accounting Standard Board (ASB). ASB is a part of Financial Reporting Council (FRC). It is a self -regulatory body in UK and is responsible for promoting quality corporate governance. ASB collaborate with the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) to ensure the acceptance of Accounting Standard at the international level. UITF plays major role of assisting the ASB while solving a conflicting and unsatisfactory interpretation regarding the requirements of Companies Act. Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) is also a part of FRC, which check the financial statement of private and public companies to ensure that statements are presented as accordance with Accounting Standards and Companies Act, 2006. Accountability and transparency are absolute necessity for maximising long term share holder’s value. The rules and procedures of gathering data must be flexible and consistent; otherwise a scope of misinterpretation of data will

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers Essay

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers - Essay Example The regions that lie below the lower quartile of Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) are Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Gansu. However, the regions that fall below the lower quartile of the Gross Regional Product per Capita 2007 (Yuan) are Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Yunnan, Tibet and Gansu. The measures of central tendency have both strengths and weaknesses, for example, if the range between the highest and lowest figures is high, then the measures may be skewed. There are also effects of the outliers that may lead to wrong conclusion. However, the measures of central tendency are more advantageous because they help in working out the average score effectively and efficiciently. Table 1: descriptive statistics for Gross Regional Product per Capita 2007 (Yuan) Anderson-Darling A-Squared 2.450 p 0.000 95% Critical Value 0.787 99% Critical Value 1.092 Mean 21973.419 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 13987.063 Variance 195637923.385 Skewedness 1.852 Kurtosis 3.263 N 31.000 Minimum 6915.000 1st Quartile 13575.000 Median 16206.000 3rd Quartile 25818.500 Maximum 66367.000 Confidence Interval 5130.496 for Mean (Mu) 16842.923 0.95 27103.915 For Stdev (sigma) 11177.229 18696.134 for Median 14492.000 19877.000 Table 2: descriptive statistics for Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) Anderson-Darling A-Squared 1.632 p 0.000 95% Critical Value 0.787 99% Critical Value 1.092 Mean 10853.088 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 6002.990 Variance 36035892.274 Skewedness 1.412 Kurtosis 1.492 N 31.000 Minimum 3619.860 1st Quartile 6183.730 Median 8947.050 3rd Quartile 13306.875 Maximum 27133.480 Confidence Interval 2201.915 for Mean (Mu) 8651.173 0.95 13055.002 For Stdev (sigma) 4797.061 8024.037 for Median 7525.730 10499.510 1 Calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient between Gross Regional Product per Capita and Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita and dis cuss its size, sign and significance. Why do you think the correlation is high? In statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (denoted by r) measures the linear correlation or linear dependence that occurs between linear variables. For example, in this case, the Gross Regional Product per Capita and Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita are the main variables. This measure shows then strength of the correlation or linear dependence between the main variables. The variable may take the value of +1 and ?1 both inclusive. If the correlation is +1 or -1, then variables are perfectly correlated. However, the inference is always the bone of contention as it depends on these rules. In this case the correlation is 0.934093899531846, this is strong correlation. It indicates that the Gross Regional Product per Capita 2007 (Yuan) and the Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) are strongly correlated Pearson Product Moment Correlation - Ungrouped Data Statist ic Gross Regional Product per Capita Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita Mean 21973.4193548387 10853.0877419355 Biased Variance 189327022.630593 34873444.1364433 Biased Standard Deviation 13759.6156425459 5905.37417412676 Covariance 78430448.3909785 Correlation 0.934093899531846 Determination 0.87253141314261 T-Test 14.089252394164 p-value (2 sided)

Thesis on Lysistrata by Aristophanes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Lysistrata by Aristophanes - Thesis Example The intent of Aristophanes to present women in a powerful light is confirmed by analysis of his character and the wellspring from which the play emanates. Comparing him to Sappho and â€Å"...the [her] fiery and lucid directness,† Lindsay suggests a balance of male-female characteristics present in both genders, pointing to â€Å"the profoundly balanced humour of Aristophanes, at once tenderly human and cruelly hard† (Lindsay par 3). Lysistrata to Cleonice mourns the absence of her fellow women, whom she has called to discuss her plan, mocking their absence and suggesting the lure of sex as first as remedy [after as weapon, a symbol of power]. The question becomes, can Lysistrata, the obvious main female character, convince the other women in the play to go on a sex strike until the men cease fighting a meaningless war. In the process of her quest, we discover through analysis of the character, and characters, the essence of what society perceives as the role of women and how women perceive themselves, versus their actual potential. In doing so we make the astounding discovery that issues pertaining to gender were as controversial then as they are today. Since the development of the concept of gender power occurs throughout the play, it is important to understand Lysistrada as a woman with ideals, determined in the face of resistance [by both the men and at first, women] to pursue them. It is clear here that â€Å"Aristophanes is not content to [simply] turn the tables and present purely virtuous women and venal men† (Study Guide, Temple, par 3). In essence, this is not about good or evil but about courage [of women] in the face of resistance--about Lysistrada as a woman character to not only â€Å"speak to men† but â€Å"to women† as well with the authority normally attributed to men. Her first challenge: how to convince other women, who have accepted their nature as frivolous and passive in political matters, to use their power to exact political

Management - employee compensation and organization Essay

Management - employee compensation and organization - Essay Example 232). A manager has to create a balance between these two types of rewards so that it recognizes the employee's motivation. The manager shall not choose it for them. Qn.2 What is the relationship between an employee's salary and his or her feeling of worth Explain your rationale from the viewpoints of an employee and a manager. How can managers create a balance between the two Total words: 250 An employee feels that salary fulfills his basic need and also gives him a feeling of higher esteem (Buelens et al., 2006, Pg. 177-179). An employee views salary as compensation to his skill sets, experience etc. Whereas, a manager, if he is responsible for the cost location, feels that salary is a cost on the organisation. A manager has to set out a balance in providing a salary structure which would mirror the worthiness in the minds of the employee, without jeopardizing the interest of the organisation. In reality, compensation is the one which satisfies the needs of an employee, and it is within its boundaries develops the employee's worthiness. Qn.3 What type of compensation component would you like to have through your employer that is not currently offered Explain your rationale.

Life span Develpoemnt (Prenatal Developement)-Chronic Illnesses,diet & Essay

Life span Develpoemnt (Prenatal Developement)-Chronic Illnesses,diet & exercise - Essay Example Alcohol is one substance that has been carefully studied, as far as its effects on pre-natal development, and the effects that pre-natal alcohol usage has on children as they develop. Pre-natal alcohol use may lead to a birth defect that is known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). (Davies & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1370). The characteristics of a child with FAS include growth deficiency, facial anomalies and damage to the child’s central nervous system. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p. 1371). FAS is the main cause of preventable retardation in the United States. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1371). The mechanism of alcohol damage to a developing fetus is through damaging the â€Å"architecture, neuronal migration and synaptogenesis of the developing central nervous system† (CNS). (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). The infants who are at the greatest risk of fetal alcohol syndrome are born to women who drink heavily on a regular basis during her first trimester. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). The first month of pre-natal development is the most crucial and dangerous time for a woman to indulge in alcohol. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p. 1372). Unfortunately, many women do not realize that they are pregnant during this developmental stage, so it is not unusual for women to drink alcohol unabated during this period. The extent of the damage done to the fetus corresponds how heavily the mother drinks during pregnancy. Women who regularly drink two drinks per day tend to have babies with low birth weight and â€Å"mild† disability, while consuming four to six drinks per day produces babies with more FAS symptoms. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). The full expression of FAS heavily corresponds with women who consume eight to ten drinks per day, at least during the first trimester. (Davis & Bledsoe, 2005, p.1372). It is estimated that 30% to 50% of the infants born to chronically alcoholic women experiences a â€Å"serious

Assessing functional status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessing functional status - Essay Example The ambulatory status is done to determine the patient’s mobility capability. The assessing physician should check if the patient uses a wheel chair, a cane or prosthetic devices for movement. If otherwise he should establish whether the ability is excellent, good or fair by checking the ease with the patient can climb stairs. The ability of the senses often range from excellent to poor beyond which specific descriptions are employed. In the case of hearing ability the other options are either deaf or use of hearing aids. When assessing vision, the patient should either be using glasses, contacts or is blind. Cataracts, glaucoma, DM retinopathy and Macular degeneration also form part of the scoring system. The assessment of speech is aimed at recognizing speech problems such as verbal apraxia, Aphasia, Dysphonia and abnormal tongue and lip movements. Ill-fitting dentures too are checked. Touch is scored in terms of normal sensitivity, decreased sensitivity or numbness to temperature. Smell and taste sensitivity cannot be described as excellent, good or fair. It is either having no problem or is changed. The checking physician notes down the changes in the score card. Assessing functional status of a patient is important in many occasions. According to Preeti (2009), one situation where it is necessary is a patient is about to undergo an operation. In most cases, the results of the assessment are compared with the possible outcomes of the operation. Pre-operation functional status assessment is aimed at identifying the impairment. It is reported that most patients who after operations develop delirium depression and general inability to recover had functional and cognitive impairments which were not considered before operation. Under this situation, the studies would have helped prevent postoperative health decline in the adults (Preeti, 2009). Generally, geriatric assessment is necessary in determining a patient’s functional

Transactional and Transformational Leadership Assignment - 1

Transactional and Transformational Leadership - Assignment Example Transformational and transactional leadership relate to trait theory, skills approach, and the behavioral perspective in a number of ways. The trait theory primarily dwells on the fact that leader’s personality influences their levels of performance at the workplace (Laureate Education, 2012). Thus, as a leader may be applying his innate skills of leadership he can choose to incorporate the transformational approach. The transformational approach comes in through motivation of the employees to working hard towards ensuring that the overall objectives set are achieved (Danforth et al., 2010). The leader can also use the transformational approach to make his subjects likeminded and aligned towards achieving the set objects. As well, the transactional theory may be used in the traits theory to offer supervision and controlling of employees. This approach can be adopted when the leader is seeking to find quality results by supervising the manner in which the employees work. The skills approach takes into account the knowledge and skills of the leader. Most of this knowledge is obtained from learning and experience from previous work. Looking at the skills approach vis a vis the transactional and transformational approach, it is evident that the two styles can be used together to enhance the productivity of the employees. A skillful leader may adopt the transformational approach in encouraging and motivating the employees to work hard towards achieving the intended objectives. Relatively, the transactional approach can be adopted in the skill theory when the leader intends to supervise the manner in which the employees work (Eliyana, 2010). The transactional leadership, therefore, enables the leader to take control of the work environment and monitor closely what the employees are doing. The behavioral perspective of leadership can also be used together with the transformational and transactional leadership.