Working Women in the Victorian Middle-Class Essay -- Victorian Era

Working Women in the Victorian Middle-ClassCharles Dickens character Miss Abbey Potterson is some sixty and odd years old, ostensibly unmarried (Miss), and a business owner (she owns a bar). Despite the fact that Victorian middle-class women were supposed to aspire to idleness, a growing number of women were graceful employed in the 19 th century for a number of reasons. The growing number of redundant (unmarried, like Miss Potterson) and widowed women were rarely in a position to be ladies of leisure (Hudson). Although these women were almost always lower middle-class, they still strived for employment above that of the laboring classes.Evidence of Working WomenThe census, which began to include occupations in 1841, is the most obvious source (Hudson). However this information is often inaccurate, since the classification of womens employment was often contradictory and inconsistent. Female work in a family business was sometimes deliberately excluded from the record (Hudson).Trad e directories supplement the census information. They suggest that a surprisingly high number of women ran businesses, particularly in millinery and dressmaking, in inn-keeping, provisioning, grocery trades and teaching. Trade directories from the period also reveal examples of women running businesses tradition all(prenominal)y associated only with men (like Miss Potterson). This minority indicates the boundaries that were being pushed regarding what was proper and amiss(p) for women to do (Hudson).Work Available to WomenFemale employment in the 1850s, 60s and 70s was the most recorded until after World War II (Hudson). Domestic service of all kinds was the single largest employer of women, textile and clothing occupations were a close secon... ...fiedThe rampant vice in English society--all men know it, and women too, and both know the others know it--is neither fastness, immodesty, or impropriety of any kind it is pretence. This it is that makes our society for the most part p arvenu society,--burthensome, troublesome, tedious (Cope).Works CitedCope, Virginia. The Ladies. Retreived 16 March 2005. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/ladies/ladyhome.htmlEmployment for Females. The Ladies. 16 April 1872. pg.35. Retrieved 16 March 2005. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/ladies/pressex.htmldonkeyHudson, Pat. Womens Work. BBC History. Published 1 January 2001.Retrieved 15 March 2005. http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_culture/welfare/womens_work_01.shtmlLarsen, Ashley. Victorian Women in the Work Force. Retrieved 16 March 2005. http//jamaica.u.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/lars-hold.htm

cancer :: essays research papers

Topic CancerGeneral End To PersuadeSpecific Purpose To persuade my audience that pubic louse is good-for-nothing and they should eat a healthy diet.Central Idea Cancer can be caused by smoking, drinking, sunburns, ect... and there are foods that can help check out cancer.I. What we eat really affects our risk of cancer.A. 35% of all cancers have a nutritional connection.1. When lifestyle factors such as smoking and sunbathing are included the risk can be as high as 85%. a. What we eat makes a big difference in our energy levels, our mood and and even our self esteem.b. Foods rich in protective factors such as fruits and vegetables, we are doing something positive for our health and well being.2. Antioxidants, anticarcinogens, and bioflavonoids repair damaged cellsa. The cells that are ruined by bad habits can be repaired by the antioxidants, anticarcinogens, and bioflavonoids.b. If too many cells are damaged and form a clump then cancer is formed and these botanical factors pa ss on not be effective.II. Foods that are important for our health.A. Foods that come from plant kingdom rather than the animal kingdom have many protective botanical factors.1. some(prenominal) of the plant kingdom foods act as antioxidants, anticarcinogens, and bioflavonoids. a. Some foods rich in botanical factors are classified as phytonutrients.b. Some phytonutrients include berries, dark leafy vegetable leafy vegetables, citrus, fruits, legumes, and whole grains.B. Dietary fiber is important in cancer prevention.1. The dietary fiber provides bulk to our diet and helps maintain a healthy colon.a. close to Americans eat about 10 grams each day but this is half of what is ideal.b. Dietary fiber is found in whole grain cereal, breads, pastas, beans, leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds.C. fish can be protective against cancer.1. Oily fish such as salmon, herring, mackeral, halibut, and tuna contain oils rich in

Vincent Van Gogh: Woe Is Me :: essays research papers fc

Vincent forefront van Gogh Woe is MeDuring the last twenty years of the nineteenth atomic number 6 a new form of artistic painting formed. Postimpressionism was a form of art where the artist was highly individual and expressive. Some of the most creative painters in history helped to make the style a success. Paul Gauguin and Paul Cezanne are two of the most creative and popular painters among the postimpressionists, but not the master. The master of the postimpressionist hunting expedition was Vincent Van Gogh.Vincent Van Gogh was innate(p) on the 30th of March 1853, in the small village of Zundert in the south of the Netherlands. He was the oldest of six children born to Theodorus Van Gogh and Cornelia Carbentus. He began his statement in 1861, at the village school in Zundert he would subsequently attend two boarding schools. Van Gogh excelled in language learning French, English, and German. During that time he also began drawing. Vincent for the most part educated himself. In March 1868, he ends his formal education and begins an apprenticeship with Goupil and Cle. (Fine Art Web)The Goupil and Cle. Were art dealers in Europe and Vincent was stationed at their Paris Headquarters. During his time spent as a salesman, for the art gallery, Van Gogh developed a love for fine art. Van Gogh began to become unstable and the Paris Gallery released him in 1873. Upon leaving Paris, Vincent (wanting to be useful) trained for the ministry in 1877, at capital of The Netherlands University. After failing to land a post in the Church, he became an independent missionary and practiced among the Borinage miners. His experiences as a preacher are reflected in his first paintings of peasants and potato diggers of these early works, the best known is the rough, earthly Potato Eaters (http//sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/gogh/gogh_bio.htm). In 1886 van Gogh went to Paris to live with his brother Theo van Gogh, an art dealer, and became familiar with the new art movements developing a t the time. Influenced by the work of the impressionists and by the work of such Japanese printmakers as Hiroshige and Hokusai, van Gogh began to experiment with current techniques. Subsequently, he adopted the brilliant hues found in the painting of the French artists Camille Pissarro and Georges Seurat (http//sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/gogh/gogh_bio.htm). In Paris, Vincent discovered color and the divisionist ideas, which helped to create the classifiable dashed brushstrokes that is seen in his later works. In 1887, at a restaurant in Paris, Van Gogh organized an exhibition.

Hypertext’s Influence on Authorship :: Internet Authors Writing Essays Cause Effect

Hypertexts Influence on Authorship The history of writing technologies has resulted in many changes in the way we stainure writing. One aspect of writing that that has seen a change as a result of writing technology is the notion of who can be a writer. passim history there seems to have been a trend writing technologies have followed. Each advancement in writing technology seems to have allowed authorship to a greater amount of people. First the invention of the entertain allowed for the first authors to record their ideas in a fixed medium. Then the invention of the printing press took the talent to make text from few well-trained bookmakers to anyone who owned a printing press. This led to a dramatic increase in the amount of books being created, resulting in a rapid proliferation of knowledge in the world. Many have theorized the next great revolution in writing technologies will be the Internet. Just like the printing press, the Internet is changing the notion of who can be an author. Today, anyone with Internet access can get his or her ideas on a web page. Posting ones thoughts, ideas, or writing online is in many ways similar to being published Millions of people have access to posted writings to read, think about, and unlike a published book readers can even respond directly to the author. This new revolution raises a question. If anyone can make a web page and post their writing online for all to see, what happens to the notion of the author? It seems the effectiveness that comes with being a published author is being threatened. Bolter explores this idea in the following passage of his book Writing Space Those theorist specifically working on hypertexthave succeeded in portraying electronic writing as a medium that questions authority and fixity. For them, electronic writing reforms print by replacing the qualities of authority and fixity with the flexibility and responsiveness that we have seen in literary hypertext (165). If an author wished to get his or her writing and ideas out to a mass audience in the past the only way to do this was go through a publication company. The publishing company would then pick and choose what it thought was worthy of being published.

response to Naomi Wolf :: essays research papers

What modern society dictates women should look like has had a great stupor on commonplace women and how they feel they should look and act. I have no doubt a huge problem exists in society as a result of this. I think it has resulted in women being put to the side in terms of advancement. It also evokes a sense of low self-esteem. Little girls everywhere are brought up in front of an image they can never achieve. A truly ideal woman is one who has the confidence in herself to kip down that she is beyond that image. The key word on that point is confidence. Unfortunately, the magazine cover industry breaks confidence with its portrayals of thin, tall women. The ideal magazine cover woman is an unattainable fallacy. However, there is no guilty party to be blamed for this incident. Faulting the companies putting that image to use is unjust.The idea that women are subjected to an unfair amount of pressure as a result of the fashion world and other media outlets is hardly new, but N aomi Wolf takes this claim to a new and absurd level. Her essay is as unorganized as it is impractical. Her ideas are presented in a smorgasbord of flawed logic. Particularly disturbing is what she calls the beauty myth. What I disagree with is the word myth. According to Wolf, women in magazines and advertisements have some 20% less body mass than that of the average woman, creating an unattainable standard. This fact in no way supports her claim of a beauty myth. The existence of a myth suggests something to be untrue in nature. Magazine companies and advertisement agencies are not in the employment of showing an average woman. They are in the business of selling a product. Of course they are going to use beautiful people. These companies completely regard the fact that most women do not in fact look like this, but they know that their product would be less appealing if they displayed average or unattractive women. Therefore, they do not deserve scrutiny over the fact that they do not present a typical woman. They in fact do the same for men. Wolf says, The beauty myth is not about women at all. It is about mens institutions and institutional power (page 485, first new paragraph). How does one begin to say how warped this impression is?

response to Naomi Wolf :: essays research papers

What modern society dictates women should look like has had a great impact on commonplace women and how they detect they should look and act. I have no doubt a huge problem exists in society as a result of this. I retrieve it has resulted in women being put to the side in terms of advancement. It also evokes a sense of low self-esteem. Little girls everywhere are brought up in front of an image they can never achieve. A truly ideal woman is one who has the confidence in herself to know that she is beyond that image. The key vocalise there is confidence. Unfortunately, the magazine cover industry breaks confidence with its portrayals of thin, tall women. The ideal magazine cover woman is an unattainable fallacy. However, there is no guilty ships company to be blamed for this fact. Faulting the companies putting that image to use is unjust.The idea that women are subjected to an unfair amount of pressure as a result of the fashion introduction and other media outlets is hardly ne w, merely Naomi Wolf takes this claim to a new and absurd level. Her essay is as unorganized as it is impractical. Her ideas are presented in a smorgasbord of flawed logic. Particularly disturbing is what she calls the beauty myth. What I disagree with is the word myth. According to Wolf, women in magazines and advertisements have approximately 20% less ashes mass than that of the average woman, creating an unattainable standard. This fact in no way supports her claim of a beauty myth. The existence of a myth suggests something to be pretended in nature. Magazine companies and advertisement agencies are not in the business of showing an average woman. They are in the business of selling a product. Of track they are going to use beautiful people. These companies completely regard the fact that most women do not in fact look like this, but they know that their product would be less appealing if they displayed average or unattractive women. Therefore, they do not deserve scrutiny o ver the fact that they do not present a typical woman. They in fact do the same for men. Wolf says, The beauty myth is not rough women at all. It is about mens institutions and institutional power (page 485, first new paragraph). How does one begin to say how warped this impression is?